United NationsOffice for Outer Space Affairs

Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities

64th LSC, May 2025 - session documentation

• Initial draft set of recommended principles for space resource activities - Note by the Vice-Chair of the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities (A/AC.105/C.2/L.339)
• Updated summary by the Vice-Chair of the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities of views and contributions received on the mandate and purpose of the Working Group  (A/AC.105/C.2/L.340)
• Conference room paper entitled "Islamic  Republic of Iran's Perspective on "The Initial draft set of recommended principles for space resource activities"" ( A/AC.105/C.2/2025/CRP.25)
• Conference room paper entitled " Nomination for the Office of the Vice-Chair of the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities of the Legal Subcommittee" ( A/AC.105/C.2/2025/CRP.31)
• Conference room paper entitled "Space Renaissance International - Input to the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities" ( A/AC.105/C.2/2025/CRP.15)

Initial draft set of recommended principles for space resource activities

• Unofficial Document: Initial draft set of recommended principles for space resource activities -  Headings in track changes
• Unofficial Document: Initial draft set of recommended principles for space resource activities - Preamble in track changes

Schedule of Formal Meetings 

• 6 May 2025 p.m. in M Plenary of the VIC 
• 8 May 2025 a.m. in M Plenary of the VIC
• 9 May 2025 p.m. in M Plenary of the VIC
• 12 May 2025 a.m. in M Plenary of the VIC
• 13 May 2025 a.m. in M Plenary of the VIC

Schedule of Informal Meetings 

• 7 May 2025, 14:00 - 15:00 p.m. Vienna time/CEST in room M3 of the VIC (MS Teams hybrid connection available to WG members)
• 8 May 2025, 14:00 - 15:00 p.m. Vienna time/CEST in room M3 of the VIC (MS Teams hybrid connection available to WG members)
• 9 May 2025, 09:00 - 10:00 a.m. Vienna time/CEST in room M3 of the VIC (MS Teams hybrid connection available to WG members)
• 13 May 2025, 09:00 - 10:00 a.m. Vienna time/CEST in room M3 of the VIC (MS Teams hybrid connection available to WG members)

Contributions received on the Initial Draft Set of Recommended Principles for Space Resource Activities

Intersessional meeting, 24 April 2025 

Pursuant to the agreement of the Working Group and as announced by its Chair and Vice-Chair in the invitation circular of 22 July 2024, States members of the Committee are invited to an online intersessional meeting on 24 April 2025, from 1 to 2.30 p.m. CEST. 

• Click here for the presentation prepared by the Vice-Chair 
• Click here for the invitation of the Vice-Chair to States members of the Commitee to the intersessional meeting on 24 April 2025

62nd  STSC, February 2025

• Statement by the Vice-Chair under Agenda Item 11 "Future role and method of work of the Committee"

Mandate, terms of reference, and workplan and methods of work of the Working Group ( A/76/20 , Annex III)

 A. Mandate

The working group shall:

(a) Collect relevant information concerning activities in the exploration, exploitation and utilization of space resources, including with respect to scientific and technological developments and current practices, taking into account their innovative and evolving nature;

(b) Study the existing legal framework for such activities, in particular the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, and other applicable United Nations treaties, also taking into account other relevant instruments, as appropriate;

(c) Assess the benefits of further development of a framework for such activities, including by way of additional international governance instruments;

(d) Develop a set of initial recommended principles for such activities, taking into account the need to ensure that they are carried out in accordance with international law and in a safe, sustainable, rational and peaceful manner, for the consideration of and consensus agreement by the Committee, followed by possible adoption by the General Assembly as a dedicated resolution or other action;

(e) Identify areas for further work of the Committee and recommend next steps, which may include the development of potential rules and/or norms, for activities in the exploration, exploitation and utilization of space resources, including with respect to related activities and benefit sharing.

B. Terms of reference

The terms of reference are as follows:

(a) The working group reports to the Legal Subcommittee of the Committee;

(b) The working group and its meetings shall be guided by the rules of procedure, methods of work and established practices of the Committee, including with respect to contributions by permanent observers and non-governmental stakeholders. The working group may decide to hold intersessional meetings in exceptional circumstances, as appropriate;

(c) The working group will be led by a Chair and a Vice-Chair and shall be supported by the Secretariat;

(d) The working group shall be open to all States members of the Committee, and participation of developing and emerging spacefaring countries shall be encouraged;

(e) The working group shall consider submissions from States members of the Committee on the issues related to and arising from its mandate, while a lso taking into account, as appropriate, those inputs provided in accordance with established practice of the Committee to the working group by permanent observers and all other stakeholders and which the Chair and Vice-Chair, in consultation with the working group, regard as relevant to the work of the working group;

(f) The working group may avail itself of work on the issue of activities in the exploration, exploitation and utilization of space resources, including but not limited to study reports, academic research and papers submitted by any means as may be determined by the working group, which may include through one or more dedicated international conferences convened under the auspices of the United Nations, and open to Governments, invited academic and other stakeholders, subject to the availability of budgetary resources.

C. Workplan and methods of work

The workplan and methods of work shall take into account the following, inter alia:

(a) On the basis of the agreed mandate and terms of reference, the working group shall, in 2022, agree on its detailed workplan and methods of work. This shall include appropriate means of coordination with the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee;

(b) The foregoing shall not prevent the working group from undertaking initial administrative, information collection and stocktaking tasks as provided for in its mandate;

(c) The working group shall in its work avail itself of electronic means of communication whenever practicable and/or necessary. 

Five-year workplan and methods of work for the Working Group ( A/AC.105/1260, Annex II, Appendix) 

Initial tasks to be undertaken in 2022

1. On the basis of the agreed mandate and terms of reference, agree on the detailed workplan and methods of work of the Working Group. This shall include appropriate means of coordination with the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee.

2. Undertake initial administrative, information-collection and stocktaking tasks as provided for in the mandate of the Working Group, including through submissions by States members of the Committee with regard to the mandate and purpose of the Working Group.

Five-year workplan and methods of work for the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities, with participation of developing countries encouraged

2023:

(a) Collation and dissemination by the Chair and Vice-Chair of submissions by States members of the Committee with regard to the mandate and purpose of the Working Group, together with a summary of those submissions prepared by the Chair and Vice-Chair of the Working Group, supported by the Secretariat;

(b) Collect relevant information concerning activities in the exploration, exploitation and utilization of space resources, including with respect to scientific and technological developments and current practices, taking into account their innovative and evolving nature;

(c) Initial exchange of views on a study of the existing legal framework for such activities, in particular the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, and other applicable United Nations treaties, also taking into account other relevant instruments, as appropriate;

(d) Initial preparation by the Chair and Vice-Chair of the Working Group, supported by the Secretariat, of a preliminary summary of the information collected and views expressed thus far, for submission to the Working Group for further consideration;

(e) Discuss and reach agreement on the arrangements for a dedicated international conference under the auspices of the United Nations, in accordance with the terms of reference of the Working Group (A/76/20, annex III), with the scope and topics to be addressed at the conference to be more fully elaborated through inputs of States.

2024:

(a) Review additional responses received from States in the intersessional period and continue the collection of relevant information and exchange of views as set out under the work for 2023 above;

(b) Review and update the preliminary summary prepared by the Chair of the information collected and views expressed and consolidate any additional relevant information and views presented for submission to the Working Group for further consideration;

(c) Assess the benefits of further development of a framework for such activities including by way of additional international governance instruments;

(d) Convene the international conference, as mentioned above, preferably in conjunction with the sixty-third session of the Legal Subcommittee, and open to Governments, invited academic and other stakeholders, subject to the availability of extrabudgetary resources. The report on the conference is to be prepared by the Chair of the Working Group, supported by the Secretariat, and submitted to the Working Group for further consideration.

2025:

(a) Presentation by the Chair of the Working Group of the activities undertaken thus far by the Working Group to the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee at its sixty-second session;

(b) Continue exchange of views on the preliminary summary prepared by the Chair and Vice-Chair of the information collected and views expressed in line with the work for 2023 above, review and update the preliminary summary and consolidate any additional relevant information and views presented, for submission to the Working Group for further consideration;

(c) Exchange of views on the development of a set of initial recommended principles for such activities, taking into account the need to ensure that they are carried out in accordance with international law and in a safe, sustainable, rational and peaceful manner.

2026:

(a) Final review and refinement of the summary of discussions on the existing legal framework for such activities, as well as of the assessment of the benefits of further development of a framework for such activities;

(b) Prepare a draft set of initial recommended principles for such activities by the Chair and Vice-Chair of the Working Group, supported by the Secretariat, taking into account the need to ensure that they are carried out in accordance with international law and in a safe, sustainable, rational and peaceful manner;

(c) Exchange of views and compilation of views expressed on possible areas for further work of the Legal Subcommittee and recommended next steps, which may include the development of potential rules and/or norms, for activities in the exploration, exploitation and utilization of space resources, including with respect to related activities and benefit-sharing, taking into account the summary of discussions on the study of the existing legal framework for such activities, as well as the assessment of the benefits of further development of a framework for such activities and the draft set of initial recommended principles for such activities.

2027:

(a) Finalization of a set of initial recommended principles for such activities for the consideration of and consensus agreement by the Committee, followed by possible adoption by the General Assembly as a dedicated resolution or other action;

(b) Adoption by the Committee of a final report of the Working Group, incorporating the results of each of the activities undertaken by the Working Group in accordance with its mandate, as appropriate.

Invitation by the Chair and Vice-Chair for Submissions from States members and organizations having permanent observer status with the Committee on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities

As agreed by consensus by the States members of the Committee at the sixty-first session of the Legal Subcommittee, the five-year workplan and methods of work of the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities (Working Group) requires for initial tasks to be undertaken in 2022 including: 

"… initial administrative, information-collection and stocktaking tasks as provided for in the mandate of the Working Group, including through submissions by States members of the Committee with regard to the mandate and purpose of the Working Group."

In accordance with this requirement and consistent with the inclusive, open and transparent nature of the Working Group, the Chair and Vice-Chair invite submissions from States members of the Committee and organizations having permanent observer status with the Committee are invited to contribute to this initial information-collection and stocktaking activity, as appropriate. 

 As a guide, States members are encouraged to provide relevant information on:

• The type of space resources that fall within the mandate and scope of the Working Group.
• The type of activities that fall within the mandate and scope of the Working Group.
• The type of information to be collected by the Working Group in accordance with its mandate.
• The views of stakeholders regarding the existing legal framework for space resource activities.
• The current practices and challenges in the implementation of the existing legal framework for such activities.
• The benefits and challenges to the development of a framework for such activities.
• The relevant factors for the development of a set of initial recommended principles for such activities.
• The format, agenda, topics and other details of the dedicated conference (currently) scheduled for 2024.
• Any other background or information paper, or any other views, that stakeholders may wish to share.

Please send submissions to   unoosa-spacelaw@un.org.

Additional information may be requested at the discretion of the Chair and Vice-Chair.

Responses to the invitation by the Chair and Vice-Chair for Submissions from States members and organizations having permanent observer status with the Committee on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities

  Expert meeting  (26 March 2024, Luxembourg):

• Click  here for the dedicated event website at unoosaem.lu
• Click   here for the Chair and Vice-Chair's proposed programme for the expert meeting in Luxembourg and the International Conference in Vienna as agreed at the intersessional meeting on 22 January 2024
• Click   here for list of nominations received from States members of the Committee
• Click   here for the Information Paper submitted by Luxembourg and Belgium on 16 October 2023

Intersessional meeting of the Working Group on 22 January 2024 (Ref. OOSA/2023/68 CU 2023/423): 

• Click   here for the invitation of the Chair and Vice-Chair to States members of the Committee to the intersessional meeting on 22 January 2024

Intersessional meeting of the Working Group on 19 December 2023 (Ref. OOSA/2023/65 CU 2023/398):

• Click   here for the invitation of the Chair and Vice Chair to States members of the Committee to the intersessional meeting on 19 December 2023
• Click   here for the Chair and Vice-Chair's proposed structure made at the intersessional meeting on 19 December 2023 for the Expert Meeting in Luxembourg and the International Conference on Space Resources in Vienna in 2024

Intersessional meeting of the Working Group on 22 November 2023 (Ref. OOSA/2023/61 CU 2023/327):

• Click  here for the invitation of the Chair and Vice Chair to States members of the Committee to the intersessional meeting on 22 November 2023
• Click   here for the Chair and Vice-Chair's proposed structure made at the intersessional meeting on 22 November 2023 for the Expert Meeting in Luxembourg and the International Conference on Space Resources in Vienna in 2024

Intersessional meeting of the Working Group on 18 October 2023 (Ref. OOSA/2023/56 CU 2023/323):

• Click  here for the invitation of the Chair and Vice Chair to States members of the Committee to the intersessional meeting on 18 October 2023

25 September 2023:  Extension of the deadline to 20 October 2023 of the invitation to nominate presenters (Ref. OOSA/2023/55 CU 2023/317)

28 June 2023:  Invitation of the Chair and Vice-Chair of the Working Group to States members of the Committee to nominate presenters for both the Expert meeting and the inernational conference on space resources to take place within the sixty-third session of the Legal Subcommittee of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (Ref. OOSA/2023/42 CU 2023/212)

Session Documentation

63rd LSC, March 2024 

• Updated summary by the Chair and Vice-Chair of views and contributions received on the mandate and purpose of the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities (  A/AC.105/C.2/L.328) 
• Responses to the invitation by the Chair and Vice-Chair for Submissions from States members and organizations having permanent observer status with the Committee on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities
• • A/AC.105/C.2/2024/CRP.5, Submission by China to the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities under the Legal Subcommittee of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, in original format,   English   Chinese

66th COPUOS, June 2023

• Agreed, updated, revised Non-paper on Topics for the International Conference in 2024
• Input to the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities on Scope and Topics to be addressed at the International Conference to be held in 2024 -  Contributions from: Algeria, Australia, Brazil, Cuba, Ecuador, Russian Federation, Slovak Republic, and Türkiye (  A/AC.105/2023/CRP.7)
• Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities: Joint proposal for an international conference to take place in 2024 in accordance with the Five-year workplan and methods of work for the Working Group - Paper submitted by Belgium and Luxembourg (  A/AC.105/2023/CRP.11)
• Input to the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities on Scope and Topics to be addressed at the International Conference to be held in 2024 - Contribution of Luxembourg (  A/AC.105/2023/CRP.18)
• Input to the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities on Scope and Topics to be addressed at the International Conference to be held in 2024 - Contribution of Belgium (  A/AC.105/2023/CRP.19)
• Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities Joint views of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Kingdom of the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom on the Scope and Topics of the International Space Resource Conference under the auspices of the United Nations in 2024   DRAFT Non-Paper submitted in preparation of the consultations of the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities at the 66th COPUOS session 2023
• Invitation by the Chair and Vice-Chair of the Working Group to States members of the Committee with regard to the Scope and Topics to be addressed at the International Conference to be held in 2024

62nd Legal Subcommittee, March 2023

• Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities: Status Overview; Paper submitted by the Chair and Vice-Chair of the Working Group (  A/AC.105/C.2/2023/CRP.5)
• Summary by the Chair and Vice-Chair of views and contributions received on the mandate and purpose of the Working Group on Legal Aspects of Space Resource Activities (  A/AC.105/C.2/120)
• Relevant considerations for developing a set of initial recommended principles for the exploration, exploitation and utilisation of space resources; Proposal submitted by Australia, Austria and Netherlands (Kingdom of the) (  A/AC.105/C.2/2023/CRP.6) 
• Contribution by Belgium to the general exchange of views on potential legal models for activities in the exploration, exploitation and utilization of space resources; Working Paper submitted by Belgium (  A/AC.105/C.2/L.325)
• Joint Proposal for an international conference to take place in 2024 in accordance with the Five-year workplan and methods of work of the Working Group; Draft Non-Paper submitted by  Belgium and Luxembourg

61st Legal Subcommittee 2022

• 61 LSC 2022 CRP.23 - Conference Room Paper Submitted by Luxembourg and the Netherlands with link to the Building Blocks for the Development of an International Framework for the Governance of Space Resource Activities: A Commentary 
• Co-Chairs' Proposed Five Year Workplan as of 5 April 2022
• Co-Chairs' Proposed Five Year Workplan as of 2 April 2022
• Possible Areas for Member State Input/Contribution
• Co-Chairs' Proposed Five Year Workplan as of 31 March 2022
• Revised Co-Chairs' Five Year Workplan as of 30 March 2022
• 61 LSC 2022 CRP.13 -  Working Paper submitted by Greece -  Questionnaire related to the discussion of item 15 on potential legal models for the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources

• 61 LSC 2022 CRP.21 - In session issuance of the  Working Paper submitted by Belgium, Finland, Germany and Luxembourg
  on the Endorsement of the Work Plan of the Working Group on space resources
  and proposals for a dedicated International Space Resources Conference under the auspices of the United Nations

• Second Further Revised Co-Chairs' Five Year Workplan
• Further Revised Co-Chairs' Five Year Workplan

Intersessional meeting 15 March 2022

• Presentation of Chair and Vice-Chair Highlighting Possible Areas for Member State Input/Contributions at 61st LSC Session 

COPUOS 2021

Chair and Vice Chair's Amended Proposals 

• CRP.11 Rev.1
• Revised Proposed draft mandate, terms of reference and methods of work of the working group under a five-year workplan

• Revised Proposed 5-year Work Plan

CRP's containing the Chair and Vice-Chair's Proposals

• CRP.11* - Proposal on the mandate, terms of reference, and workplan and methods of work for the working group established under the Legal Subcommittee agenda item entitled "General exchange of views on potential legal models for activities in the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources"

• CRP.12*- Proposal on five-year workplan for the working group established under the Legal Subcommittee agenda item entitled "General exchange of views on potential legal models for activities in the exploration, exploitation, and utilization of space resources"

Building blocks for the development of an international framework on space resource activities

  Building blocks 

Proposals from the Chair and Vice-Chair of the working group

• Co-Chairs' Proposal for the Mandate, Terms of Reference, Work Plan and Methods of Work
• Co-Chairs' Proposal for a 5 Year Work Plan

 Working paper submitted by the Chair and Vice-Chair of the working group

• A/AC.105/L.326 - Proposal on the mandate, terms of reference and method of work of the working group established under the Legal Subcommittee agenda item entitled "General exchange of views on potential legal models for activities in the exploration, exploitation and utilization of space resources"

Scheduled Informal Consultations on Space Resources held during the 60th Session of the Legal Subcommittee

Information from Moderator and Vice-Moderator

• Briefing on Informal Consultations - 20 May 2021
• Draft Plan for Scheduled Informal Consultations on the Issue of Exploration, Exploitation and Utilization of Space Resources

Proposal from the Moderator and Vice Moderator on the Establishment of a Working Group on Space Resources

• Third Revised Co-Moderators' Proposal (9 June 2021- final consultations) (Word format in English only)
• Second Revised Co-Moderators' Proposal (9 June 2021) (Word format in English only)
• Revised Co-Moderator's Proposal (7 June 2021) (Word format in English only)
• Co-Moderators' Proposal (4 June 2021) (Word format in English only)

Responses from States Members of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space on the Draft Plan for Scheduled Informal Consultations

•   A/AC.105/C.2/2021/CRP.8 (Word format in English only)

Non-Paper on the Establishment of a Working Group on Space Resources

• Non-paper on the Establishment of a Working Group on Space Resources submitted by Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Greece, Slovakia and Spain

LSC 2021 Conference Room Papers

 LSC2021CRPs